Putting together all the second order and third order considerations, I donât think itâs clear which outcome leads to be better outcomes for animals, so Iâm inclined to treat the effects on animals as a neutral factor.
I agree it is unclear whether campaigning against aid cuts is beneficial or harmful to animals. However, treating the effects on animals as neutral requires the effects on animals to be much smaller in magnitude than the effects on humans. I can easily see the effects on animals being negative and larger in magnitude. So I do not know whether campaigning against aid cuts is beneficial or harmful.
To clarify, I distinguish between these 2 possibilities for âeffect on animalsâ + âeffect on humansâ = âoverall effectâ:
âSmall positive/ânegative numberâ (effect on animals) + âmedium positive numberâ (effect on humans) = âmedium positive numberâ (overall effect). One can neglect the effects on animals.
âMedium/âLarge positive/ânegative numberâ + âmedium positive numberâ = âmedium/âlarge positive/ânegative numberâ. One cannot neglect the effects on animals.
I think the 2nd bullet corresponds to the actual situation.
Thanks, Sanjay! Great points.
I agree it is unclear whether campaigning against aid cuts is beneficial or harmful to animals. However, treating the effects on animals as neutral requires the effects on animals to be much smaller in magnitude than the effects on humans. I can easily see the effects on animals being negative and larger in magnitude. So I do not know whether campaigning against aid cuts is beneficial or harmful.
To clarify, I distinguish between these 2 possibilities for âeffect on animalsâ + âeffect on humansâ = âoverall effectâ:
âSmall positive/ânegative numberâ (effect on animals) + âmedium positive numberâ (effect on humans) = âmedium positive numberâ (overall effect). One can neglect the effects on animals.
âMedium/âLarge positive/ânegative numberâ + âmedium positive numberâ = âmedium/âlarge positive/ânegative numberâ. One cannot neglect the effects on animals.
I think the 2nd bullet corresponds to the actual situation.