I think basically you have to look at where an innovation sits in the tech tree.
Energy technologies tend to be fundamental enablers of other sectors. J. Storrs Hall makes a good case for the need to increase per-capita energy usage, which he calls the Henry Adams Curve: https://rootsofprogress.org/where-is-my-flying-car
But also, a fundamentally new way to do manufacturing, transportation, communication, or information processing would enable a lot of downstream progress.
I think basically you have to look at where an innovation sits in the tech tree.
Energy technologies tend to be fundamental enablers of other sectors. J. Storrs Hall makes a good case for the need to increase per-capita energy usage, which he calls the Henry Adams Curve: https://rootsofprogress.org/where-is-my-flying-car
But also, a fundamentally new way to do manufacturing, transportation, communication, or information processing would enable a lot of downstream progress.