Here are a couple of social science papers on the evidence that (well-written) Wikipedia articles have an impact on real world outcomes:
Wikipedia and judges
Science and Wikipedia
Tourism and Wikipedia
I think the main caveat (also mentioned in other comments) is that these papers are predicated on high quality edits or page creations that align with Wikipedia standards.
Here are a couple of social science papers on the evidence that (well-written) Wikipedia articles have an impact on real world outcomes:
Wikipedia and judges
Science and Wikipedia
Tourism and Wikipedia
I think the main caveat (also mentioned in other comments) is that these papers are predicated on high quality edits or page creations that align with Wikipedia standards.