Just to comment on your footnote: my intuition is that political spending can be very effective and it is an important component of my family’s donations. For anyone interested in this I really recommend Ezra Klein’s interview with Amanda Litman from Run for Something.
She speaks compellingly about how most political donations, especially on the left, are reactionary and not necessarily effective, but about how in certain races and particularly state and local races, tiny sums of money can really make a huge difference. I don’t think she explicitly uses an ITN framework but it definitely fits, and their work is in what has in recent history been a very neglected space IMO.
Just to comment on your footnote: my intuition is that political spending can be very effective and it is an important component of my family’s donations. For anyone interested in this I really recommend Ezra Klein’s interview with Amanda Litman from Run for Something.
She speaks compellingly about how most political donations, especially on the left, are reactionary and not necessarily effective, but about how in certain races and particularly state and local races, tiny sums of money can really make a huge difference. I don’t think she explicitly uses an ITN framework but it definitely fits, and their work is in what has in recent history been a very neglected space IMO.