a) I think many of the examples you listed would not be considered financial fraud
But nobody was specifically specifying financial fraud in any of this discussion, at least as far as I could tell. The OP talks about all fraud, and I haven’t seen anyone narrow things down to just financial fraud. I agree that most of the things I talked about don’t qualify as financial fraud, though I think I could also come up with many examples of it being justified to commit financial fraud within the last 50 years.
I’m not sure which are the specific examples you’re thinking of, but I know some people have advocated that Asian American students lie about their race and e.g. pretend to be white to gain college admissions. I think this is probably immoral and I do not recommend this.
Yeah, to be clear, I think I would not support this in the present day, where the forces of discrimination seem substantially weaker. There were however periods where the disadvantage seemed so large that I would have supported active civil disobedience against those rules.
I think I’m on the other side here, at least for healthy adults, and this was directly decision-relevant in me waiting to get a booster (but I will not fault people who have made a different choice here, particularly ones with medical necessity or who are caretakers for more vulnerable people).
Yep, I think this is a reasonable ethical position. I felt really quite on the edge about it, and still do, though I do feel pretty strongly that it’s not an obvious case and would feel bad about our community condemning it strongly, at least given my current understanding.
But nobody was specifically specifying financial fraud in any of this discussion, at least as far as I could tell. The OP talks about all fraud, and I haven’t seen anyone narrow things down to just financial fraud. I agree that most of the things I talked about don’t qualify as financial fraud, though I think I could also come up with many examples of it being justified to commit financial fraud within the last 50 years.
Yeah, to be clear, I think I would not support this in the present day, where the forces of discrimination seem substantially weaker. There were however periods where the disadvantage seemed so large that I would have supported active civil disobedience against those rules.
Yep, I think this is a reasonable ethical position. I felt really quite on the edge about it, and still do, though I do feel pretty strongly that it’s not an obvious case and would feel bad about our community condemning it strongly, at least given my current understanding.