Rashi: “three permissible cause areas”—cause areas, not fathers. Tosfos: “cause areas”—If the mishna calls these cause areas not fathers, per [Rashi’s] notebooks, why does Rabbi bar bar Hana call them categories? Clearly, these must be categories. How, then, do we explain the words of the master [Rashi]? Perhaps the Mishna was careful not to use the word “category” because parent categories requires a listing of child categories, but the child categories are subject to an extensive dispute between charity evaluators. For this reason, it is clear that there are categories with subcategories, but the word categories is not used, thereby explaining Rashi’s note. Ritva: “cause areas”—The answer of Tosfos does not explain Rashi’s words. Why is the dispute about subcategories enough to prevent the mishna from using exact language? Further, it is unclear which dispute Tosfos refers to, as there are disputes both about interventions, and individual charities. Instead, we see that cause areas are each a Father of Fathers [supercategory], and interventions are the fathers [categories], while specific donation opportunities are the children [subcategories].
Rashi: “long-termism”—the time required is explained in the Gemara.
Rashi: “global health”—The health of humans around the globe, not the globe itself. Tosfos: “global health”—The sages of Greece and Rome have taught that the world is a ball.
Rashi: “Bal Tashchit”—as the verse says “you must not destroy its trees, wielding the ax against them” Tosfos: “bal tashchit”—As explained in [Rashi’s] notebooks, this is referring to trees. How is it possible that animal welfare is included, but plant welfare, which is the source of the prohibition, is not? There are those who say that “animal” is not precise. This is difficult, because in that case it should have said “living thing welfare” It is brought in a Braitha that Brian Tomasik rules this way. However, this is a dispute with our Mishna, and does not resolve the contradiction.
Commentaries on the Mishnah of Rabbi Ord:
Rashi: “three permissible cause areas”—cause areas, not fathers.
Tosfos: “cause areas”—If the mishna calls these cause areas not fathers, per [Rashi’s] notebooks, why does Rabbi bar bar Hana call them categories? Clearly, these must be categories. How, then, do we explain the words of the master [Rashi]? Perhaps the Mishna was careful not to use the word “category” because parent categories requires a listing of child categories, but the child categories are subject to an extensive dispute between charity evaluators. For this reason, it is clear that there are categories with subcategories, but the word categories is not used, thereby explaining Rashi’s note.
Ritva: “cause areas”—The answer of Tosfos does not explain Rashi’s words. Why is the dispute about subcategories enough to prevent the mishna from using exact language? Further, it is unclear which dispute Tosfos refers to, as there are disputes both about interventions, and individual charities. Instead, we see that cause areas are each a Father of Fathers [supercategory], and interventions are the fathers [categories], while specific donation opportunities are the children [subcategories].
Rashi: “long-termism”—the time required is explained in the Gemara.
Rashi: “global health”—The health of humans around the globe, not the globe itself.
Tosfos: “global health”—The sages of Greece and Rome have taught that the world is a ball.
Rashi: “Bal Tashchit”—as the verse says “you must not destroy its trees, wielding the ax against them”
Tosfos: “bal tashchit”—As explained in [Rashi’s] notebooks, this is referring to trees. How is it possible that animal welfare is included, but plant welfare, which is the source of the prohibition, is not? There are those who say that “animal” is not precise. This is difficult, because in that case it should have said “living thing welfare” It is brought in a Braitha that Brian Tomasik rules this way. However, this is a dispute with our Mishna, and does not resolve the contradiction.
Steinsaltz: “development”—This is the mitzvah of “Tikkun Olam”