One common method is the Time trade-off, you can find other common methods at the bottom of that Wikipedia page.
For more details the answers in this thread might be interesting.
Also worth noting that (as far as I know) no EA group only uses QALYs.
For example, GiveWell uses their own researched “moral weights” https://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/our-criteria/cost-effectiveness/comparing-moral-weights
One common method is the Time trade-off, you can find other common methods at the bottom of that Wikipedia page.
For more details the answers in this thread might be interesting.
Also worth noting that (as far as I know) no EA group only uses QALYs.
For example, GiveWell uses their own researched “moral weights” https://www.givewell.org/how-we-work/our-criteria/cost-effectiveness/comparing-moral-weights