c.trout

• c.trout 15 Dec 2023 21:46 UTC

  6 points

  2 ∶ 0

  on: EU poli­cy­mak­ers reach an agree­ment on the AI Act

  Another worrisome+unclear reported exemption is for national security.

• c.trout 14 Jun 2023 21:19 UTC

  10 points

  1 ∶ 0

  in reply to: cole_haus’s comment on: Growth and the case against ran­domista development

  Updated research on the Easterlin Paradox here. Free working draft here. Nice audio/​visual overview from one of the authors here. Good discussion on the EA forum here.

Call for sub­mis­sions: Choice of Fu­tures sur­vey questions

• c.trout 3 Dec 2022 22:05 UTC

  2 points

  2 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Geoffrey Miller’s comment on: I’m a 22-year-old woman in­volved in Effec­tive Altru­ism. I’m sad, dis­ap­pointed, and scared.

  Thank you very much for your perspective! I recently wrote about something closely related to this “emotions problem” but hadn’t considered how the EA community offered a home for neurodivergent folks. I have now added a disclaimer making sure we ‘normies’ remember to keep you in mind!

• c.trout 3 Dec 2022 17:20 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Linch’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  No worries about the strong response – I misjudged how my words would be interpreted. I’m glad we sorted that out.

  Regarding overthinking ethical stuff and SBF:
  Unfortunately I fear you’ve missed my point. First of all, I wasn’t really talking about any fraud/​negligence that he may have committed. As I said in the 2nd paragraph:

  Regarding his ignorance and his intentions, he might be telling the truth. Suppose he is: suppose he never condoned doing sketchy things as a means he could justify by some expected greater good. Where then is the borderline moral nihilism coming from? Note that it’s saying “all the right shibboleths” that he spoke of as mere means to an end, not the doing of sketchy things.

  My subject was his attitude/​comments towards ethics. Second, my diagnosis was not that:

  SBF’s problems with ethics came from careful debate in business ethics and then missing a decimal point in the relevant calculations.

  My point was that it’s getting too comfortable approaching ethics like a careful calculation that can be dangerous in the first place – no matter how accurate the calculation is. It’s not about missing some decimal points. Please reread this section if you’re interested. I updated the end of it with a reference to a clear falsifiable claim.

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 7:12 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  Fair enough!

  But also: if the EA community will only correct the flaws in itself that it can measure then… good luck. Seems short-sighted to me.

  I may not have the data to back up my hypothesis, but it’s also not as if I pulled this out of thin air. And I’m not the first to find this hypothesis plausible.

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 5:53 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  I claim that there is a healthy amount of moral calculation one should do, but doing too much of it has harmful side-effects. I claim, for these reasons, that Consequentialism (and the culture surrounding it) tends to result in abuse of moral calculation more so than VE. I don’t expect abuse to arise in the majority of people who engage with/​follow Consequentialism or something – just more than among those who engage with/​follow VE. I also claim, for reasons at the end of this section, that abuse will be more prevalent among those who engage with rationalism than those who don’t.

  If I’m right about this flaw in the community culture around here, and this flaw in anyway contributed to SBF talking the way he did, shouldn’t the community consider taking some steps to curb that problematic tendency?

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 4:12 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  It seems like your model is that you assume most people start with a sort of organic, healthy gut-level caring and sense of fellow-feeling, which moral calculation tends to distort.

  Moral calculation (and faking it ’til you make it) can be helpful in becoming more virtuous, but to a limited extent – you can push it too far. And anyway, its not the only way to become a better person. I think more helpful is what I mentioned at the end of my post:

  Encourage your friends to call out your vices. (In turn, steer your friends away from vice and try to be a good role model for the impressionable). Engage with good books, movies, plays etc. Virtue ethicists note that art has a great potential for exercising and training moral awareness...

  If you want to see how the psych literature intersects on a related topic (romantic relationships instead of ethics in general) see Eva Illouz’s Why love hurts: A sociological explanation (2012), Chapter 3. Search for the heading “The New Architecture of Romantic Choice or the Disorganization of the Will” (p 90 in my edition) if you want to skip right to it. You might be able to read the entire section through Google books preview? I recommend the book though, if you’re interested.

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 1:56 UTC

  3 points

  1 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Linch’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  Yikes! Thank you for letting me know! Clearly a very poor choice of words: that was not at all my intent!

  To be clear, I agree with EAs on many many issues. I just fear they suffer from “overthinking ethical stuff too often” if you will.

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 1:50 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  ...outsourcing our charity evaluations to specialists. I don’t have to decide if bednets or direct donations is better: GiveWell does it for me with their wonderful spreadsheets.

  And I don’t have to consider every moment whether deontology or consequentialism is better: the EA movement and my identity as an EA does a lot of that work for me. It also licenses me to defer to habit almost 100% of the time

  These are good things, and you’re right to point them out! I certainly don’t expect to find that every EA is a walking utility calculator – I expect that to be extremely rare. I also don’t expect to find internal moral disharmony in every EA, though I expect it to be much less rare than walking utility calculators.

  I just want to add one thing, just to be sure everything is clear. I’m glad you see how “a conscious chain of ethical reasoning held in the mind is not what should be motivating our actions” (i.e. we should not be walking utility calculators). But that was just my starting point. Ultimately I want to claim that, whether you’re in a “heat of the moment” situation or not, getting too used to applying a calculating maximizer’s mindset in realms typically governed by affect can result in the following:

  1. Worst case extreme scenario: you become a walking utility calculator, and are perfectly at peace with yourself about being one. You could be accused of being cold, calculating, uncaring.

  2. More likely scenario: you start adopting a calculating maximizer’s mindset when you shouldn’t (e.g. when trying to decide whether to go see a sick friend or not) even though you know you shouldn’t, or you didn’t mean to adopt that mindset. You could be accused of being inadvertently cold and calculating – someone who, sadly, tends to overthink things.

     1. In such situations, because you’ve adopted that mindset, you will dampen your positive affective attachment to the decision you make (or the object at the center of that decision), even though you started with strong affect toward that decision/​object. E.g. when you first heard your friend was in the hospital, you got a pit in your stomach, but it eventually wore away as you evaluated the pros and cons of going to see them or doing something else with your time (as you began comparing friends maybe, to decide who to spend time with). Whatever you do end up deciding to do, you feel ambivalent about it.

     2. Any cognitive dissonance you might have (e.g. your internal monologue sounds like this: “Why am I thinking so hard about this? I should have just gone with my gut”), and the struggle to resolve that dissonance only worsens 2.a.

  3. Either way: in general, considerations that once engendered an emotional response now start leaving you cold (or colder). This in turn can result in:

     1. A more general struggle to motivate oneself to do what one believes one should do.

     2. Seeing ethics as “just a game.”

  Was that clear? Since it’s getting clearer for me, I fear it wasn’t clear in the post… It seems it needed to go through one more draft!

• c.trout 2 Dec 2022 0:13 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Linch’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  I meant strong relative to “internal moral disharmony.” But also, am I to understand people are reading the label of “schizophrenia” as an accusation? It’s a disorder that one gets through no choice of one’s own: you can’t be blamed for having it. Hypocrisy, as I understand it, is something we have control over and therefore are responsible for avoiding or getting rid of in ourselves.

  At most Stocker is blaming Consequentialism and DE for being moral schizophrenia inducing. But it’s the theory that’s at fault, not the person who suffers it!

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 21:33 UTC

  3 points

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  Thanks for the suggestion. I ended up going with “internal moral disharmony” since it’s innocuous and accurate enough. I think “hypocrisy” is too strong and too narrow: it’s a species of internal moral disharmony (closely related to the “extreme case” in Stocker’s terms), one which seems to imply no feelings of remorse or frustration with oneself regarding the disharmony. I wanted to focus on the more “moderate case” in which the disharmony is not too strong, one feels a cognitive dissonance, and one attempts to resolve the disharmony so as not to be a hypocrite.

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 19:21 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Matt Goodman’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  Regarding the term “moral schizophrenia”:
  As I said to AllAmericanBreakfast, I wholeheartedly agree the term is outdated and inaccurate! Hence the scare quotes and the caveat I put in the heading of the same name. But obviously I underestimated how bad the term was since everyone is telling to change it. I’m open to suggestions! EDIT: I replaced it with “internal moral disharmony.” Kind of a mouthful but good enough for a blog post.

  Regarding predictions:
  You’re right, that wasn’t a very exact prediction (mostly because internal moral disharmony is going to be hard to measure). Here is a falsifiable claim that I stand by and that, if true, is evidence of internal moral disharmony:

  I claim that one’s level of engagement with the LW/​EA rationalist community can weakly predict the degree to which one adopts a maximizer’s mindset when confronted with moral/​normative scenarios in life, the degree to which one suffers cognitive dissonance in such scenarios, and the degree to which one expresses positive affective attachment to one’s decision (or the object at the center of their decision) in such scenarios.

  More specifically I predict that, above a certain threshold of engagement with the community, increased engagement with the LW/​EA community correlates with an increase in the maximizer’s mindset, increase in cognitive dissonance, and decrease in positive affective attachment in the aforementioned scenarios.

  The hypothesis for why I think this correlation exists is mostly at the end of here and here.

  But more generally, must a criticism of/​concern for the EA community come in the form of a prediction? I’m really just trying to point out a hazard for those who go in for Rationalism/​Consequentialism. If everyone has avoided it, that’s great! But there seems to be evidence that some have failed to avoid it, and that we might want to take further precautions. SBF was very much one of EA’s own: his comments therefore merit some EA introspection. I’m just throwing in my two cents.

  Regarding actual EAs:
  I would be happy to learn few EAs actually have thoughts too many! But I do know it’s a thing, that some have suffered it (personally I’ve struggled with it at times, and it’s literally in Mill’s autobiography). More generally, the ills of adopting a maximizer’s mindset too often are well documented (see references in footnotes). I thought it was in the community’s interest to raise awareness about it. I’m certainly not trying to demonize anyone: if someone in this community does suffer it, my first suspect would be the culture surrounding/​theory of Consequentialism, not some particular weakness on the individual’s part.

  Regarding dry discussion on topics of incredible magnitude:
  That’s fair. I’m not saying being dry and calculating is always wrong. I’m just saying one should be careful about getting too comfortable with that mindset lest one start slipping into it when one shouldn’t. That seems like something rationalists need to be especially mindful of.

  What links here?

  • SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists by c.trout (1 Dec 2022 4:21 UTC; 10 points)
  • c.trout's comment on SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists by c.trout (3 Dec 2022 17:20 UTC; 1 point)

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 18:19 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  The term is certainly outdated and an inaccurate analogy, hence the scare quotes and the caveat I put in the heading of the same name. It’s the term that Stocker uses though and I haven’t seen another one (but maybe I missed it). The description “tendency to suffer cognitive dissonance in moral thinking” is much more accurate but not exactly succinct enough to make for a good name. I’m open to suggestions!

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 15:44 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: DirectedEvolution’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  You’re absolutely right to criticize that section! It’s just not good. I will add more warning labels/​caveats to it ASAP. This is always the pitfall of doing YAABINE.

  That said, I do think the three families can be divided up based on what they take to be explanatorily fundamental. That’s what I was trying to do (even though I probably failed). The slogan goes like this: VE is “all about” what kind of person we should be, DE is “all about” what duties we have, and Consequentialism is “all about” the consequences of our actions. Character, duty, consequences – three key moral terms. (And natural joints? Who knows). Theories from each family will have something to say about all three terms, but each family of theory takes a different term to be explanatorily fundamental.

  So you’re absolutely right that, in their judgments of particular cases, they can all appeal to facts up and down the causal stream (e.g. there is no reason consequentialists can’t refer to promises made earlier when trying to determine the consequences of an action). Maybe another way to put this: the decision procedures proposed by the various theories take all sorts of facts as inputs. You give a number of examples of this. But ultimately, what sorts of facts unify those various judgments under a common explanation according to each family of theory? That’s what I was trying to point at. I thought one way to divvy those explanatorily fundamental facts was by there position along the causal stream but maybe I was wrong. I’m really not sure!

  Unrelated reply:

  I don’t buy that virtue ethicists judge actions based on how you were feeling right before you did it.

  I completely agree that actual virtue ethicists would not do so, but the theory many of them are implicitly attached to (“do as the virtuous agent would do, for all the reasons the virtuous agent would do it”) does seem to judge people based on how you were feeling/​what you were thinking right before you did it.

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 15:00 UTC

  2 points

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Noah Scales’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  So I feel like your comment misses the point I was trying to make there (which means I didn’t make it well enough – my apologies!) The point is not that consequentialists can’t justify saving their spouse, as if they don’t have the theoretical resources to do so. They absolutely can, as you demonstrate. The point is that in the heat of the moment, when actually taking action, you shouldn’t be engaging in any consequentialist reasoning in order to decide what to do or motivate yourself to do it.
  
  Or maybe you did understand all this, and you’re just describing how consequentialism self-effaces? Because it recommends we adopt a certain amount of self-care/​self-interest in our character and then operate on that (among other things)?

• c.trout 1 Dec 2022 14:44 UTC

  1 point

  0 ∶ 0

  in reply to: Matt Goodman’s comment on: SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

  You’re right that post-hoc articles are usually full of hindsight bias, making them a lot less valuable. That’s why I tried not to make the article about SBF too much (no this is not part 1 of a series). I laid that out from the beginning:

  Please don’t read too much into the armchair psychological diagnosis from a complete amateur – that isn’t the point.

  If you want a prediction I give one right after this:

  The point, to lay my cards on the table, is this: virtue ethicists would not be surprised if many EAs suffer (in varying degrees) from “moral schizophrenia”

  I reiterate this when I say “I fear it is widespread in this community” where “it” is a certain coldness toward ethical choices (and other choices that would normally be full of affect).

  SBF is topical and I thought this was a good opportunity to highlight this lesson about not engaging in excessive reasoning. But I agree my title isn’t great. Suggestions?

SBF’s com­ments on ethics are no sur­prise to virtue ethicists

• c.trout 22 Nov 2022 22:34 UTC

  26 points

  13 ∶ 2

  on: Pre-An­nounc­ing the 2023 Open Philan­thropy AI Wor­ld­views Contest

  Thank you for carrying this forward!
  
  One comment: as with the old contest, I strongly support the decision to use a number of judges that are outside of/​independent from EA. I fear the EA bubble is becoming something of an echo chamber: this is a great opportunity to verify whether such fears are well-founded, and if so, provide a check on this detrimental effect.

Plu­ral­ity Vot­ing is Unconstitutional