Program Associate on Open Philâs Global Catastrophic Risks Capacity Building team.
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Michael Townsendđ¸
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Thanks for sharing this, and more importantly, for writing it. From my perspective, this is the best reporting on AI that Iâve seen. Iâve shared it with previously ultra-sceptical friends, and had an uncharacteristically positive response.
Hi Vasco â not all organisations shared permission to have their name shared, but it includes many of the fundraising organisations on this list.
Giving What We Can is looking for a Researcher to help us identify the most effective donation opportunities for a variety of worldviews, and recommend these to our donors.
Salary and benefits: Salary for candidates is based on this calculator (which is explained in more depth here). Benefits and policies depend on location, but we aim to provide benefits equally wherever we can. See here for an example of an offer to a US candidate â we have similar benefits in other locations.
Location: Remote.
Apply here by
February 18thMarch 2ndEssential skills, traits and experience
A passion for making the world a better place
Strong grasp of key research concepts in effective giving and effective altruism
A scout mindset and a strong commitment to communicating accurately and truthfully
Excellent analytical skills; comfort working with quantitative and qualitative frameworks
Probabilistic reasoning and calibration; the ability to think in a Bayesian way
Prioritisation and judgement; the ability to (re-)focus your time on whatâs most important and relevant
Ability to work both autonomously and in a team; comfort with working remotely
Desirable skills, traits and experience
Experience in impact-focused charity evaluation and/âor grantmaking
Great written communication skills, especially in translating technical information to be understandable and compelling to the public
Generalist skills and flexibility and adaptability to other types of valuable work needed at various times, in addition to the responsibilities mentioned above
About GWWC: GWWC is on a mission to create a world in which giving effectively and significantly is a cultural norm. The GWWC team is hard-working and mission-focused, with a culture of open and honest feedback. We also like to think of ourselves as a particularly friendly and optimistic bunch.
In all our work, we strive to take a positive and collaborative attitude, be transparent in our communication and decision-making, and adopt a scout mindset to guide us towards doing the most good we can do, including by evaluating our own impact and learning from the results. To learn more, check out our current strategy.
The process
Our hiring process involves four stages (applicants will be compensated for their time spent on stages 2-3):
Application form (~2 hours)
Written work test (~2 hours)
Work trial (~10 hours)
Interview, online over Zoom (~1 hour) and reference checks.
We will close applications on the 2nd of March and aim to make an offer (provided we find a suitable candidate) by the end of April, with the successful candidate starting as soon as possible thereafter.
See also here to get a sense of our approach from a hiring round we did in early 2022.
Where are the GWWC team donatÂing in 2023?
How I feel about my GWWC Pledge
Thanks Vasco, this is good feedback.
To better reflect how your different recommendations are linked to particular worldviews, I think it would be good to change the name of your area/âfund âglobal health and wellbeingâ to âglobal human health and wellbeingâ
We considered a wide variety of names, and after some deliberation (and a survey or two), we landed on âglobal health and wellbeingâ because we think it is a good balance of accurate and compelling. I agree with some the limitations you outlined, and like your alternative suggestion, especially from a âResearcherâsâ point of view where Iâm very focused on. Iâll share this with the team, but I expect that there would be too much cost switch at this point.
However, I wonder how much of your and Sjirâs views are being driven by path dependence. [...] Given this, I worry you may hesitate to recommend interventions in animal welfare over human welfare even if you found it much more plausible that both areas should be assessed under the same (impartial welfarist) worldview.
Itâs a bit tricky to respond to this having not (at least yet) done an analysis comparing animal versus human interventions. But for if/âwhen we do, I agree it would be important to be aware of the incentives you mentioned, and to avoid making decisions based on path dependencies rather than high quality research. More generally, a good part of our motivation for this project was to help create better incentives for the effective giving ecosystem. So weâd see coming to difficult decisions on cause-prioritisation, if we thought they were justified, as very much within the scope of our work and a way it could add value.
Hi Rebecca â we did not look into The Life You Can Save for this round. As shared here we only looked into the six evaluators/âfunds listed in this post, and in our âWhy and how GWWC evaluates evaluatorsâ we shared how we decided which evaluators to prioritise. Itâs too soon to say which evaluators weâll look into next, though we can share that our current inclination is that looking into Founders Pledgeâs research, and expanding the cause areas we include (like climate change, or âmetaâ work) is a particularly high priority.
Thanks Nick! It was really illuminating for me personally to look under the hood of GW, and Iâm glad you appreciated our summary of the work.
In this round of evaluations, we only looked into Animal Charity Evaluators, GiveWell, Happier Lives Institute, EA Fundsâ Animal Welfare Fund and Long-Term Future Fund, and Longviewâs Emerging Challenges Fund. In future evaluations, we would like to look into Founders Pledgeâs work, climate change more generally, and other evaluators. Itâs too soon to commit to which, and in which order, just yet.
Also, did you evaluate GWâs Top Charity Fund of All Grants Fund?
Jonasâ reply is spot on here â we essentially looked into both and to GW more generally.
There is definitely substantial overlap between the four funds you listed; and especially on GWWCâs fund and EA Fundsâ. In principle, it doesnât have to be this way:
GWWCâs Global Health and Wellbeing Fund could potentially grant based on evaluations other than GW (e.g., potentially from Founders Pledge, or Happier Lives Institute, etc., depending on how our subsequent evaluations go).
EA Fundsâ Global Health and Development Fund could similarly appoint new advisors, or change its scope. But I canât speak on behalf of EA Funds!
GWâs Top Charities Fund and All Grants Fund do make different grants, with the latter having a wider scope, but there is overlap.
Have you considered allocating the donations made to the GWWC Global Health and Wellbeing Fund to GWâs funds?
We expect that in effect this will be what happens. That is, we expect GW to advise our fund as a proxy for the All Grants Fund. Operationally, itâs better for us to directly grant to the organisations based on GWâs advice (rather than, for example, sending the money to GW to regrant it) so that, among other reasons, charities can receive the money sooner. We already have this process setup for donations made to GWâs funds on our platform. This means that, at least right now, giving to either the All Grants Fund, or our cause area fund, will have the same effect. But as above, this could change based on future evaluations of evaluators, which we see as a feature for donors who want to setup recurring donations to track our latest research.
Thanks Peter, and weâd of course like to extend the thanks back to HLI for being such an excellent collaborator here! Congratulations on publishing your new research. Iâm eager to read more about it over the coming weeks and hopefully to dive into it in more detail next year in our next round of evaluations.
There is a relatively small comparison class here; we often say weâre focused on âimpact-focusedâ evaluators. Here is our database of evaluators we know of that we might consider in this reference class. In the medium to long run, however, we could imagine there being value in investigating an evaluator completely outside EA, with a very different approach. There could be some valuable lessons of best-practice, and other insights, that could make this worthwhile. I expect we probably wonât prioritise this until we have looked into more impact-focused evaluators.
Hi wes R, Iâll answer your questions in this comment!
The impact measurements greatly varied by evaluator. For example, GW makes decisions using its âmoral weightsâ (which primarily measures consumption and health outcomes, but I donât believe in a way that neatly reduces to QALYs). Meanwhile, HLI uses âWELLBYsâ. Other evaluators used different measurements at different times, or relied on subjective scores of cost-effectiveness. You can read more about these in our evaluations (linked to here).Iâm not sure we have much in the way of a generalised view of which metrics we think should be used or not. In general:
These metrics should help support making more cost-effective recommendations and grants.
To the extent they do, weâre happy to see them!
In some cases, metrics might end up forcing over-precision in a way that is not particularly helpful. In these cases, we think it could be more sensible to take a more subjective approach.
Hope that helps!
This is a really insightful question!
I think itâs fair to characterise our evaluations as looking for the âbestâ charity recommendations, rather than the best charity evaluators, or recommendations that reach a particular standard but that are not the best. Though weâre looking to recommend the best charities, we donât think this means that thereâs no value in looking into âgreat-charity evaluatorsâ as you called them. We donât have an all-or-nothing approach when looking into an evaluatorsâ work and recommendation and can choose to only include the recommendations from that evaluator that meet our potentially higher standard. This means, so long as itâs possible some of the recommendations of a âgreat-charity evaluatorâ are the best by a particular worldview, weâd see value in looking into them.
In one sense, this increases the bar for our evaluations, but in another it also means an evaluatorâs recommendations might be the best even if we werenât particularly impressed by the quality of the work. For example, suppose there was a cause area for which there was only one evaluator, the threshold for this evaluating being the best may well be: they are doing a sufficiently good job that there is a sufficiently plausible worldview by which donating via their recommendations is still their best option (i.e., compared to donating to the best evaluator in another area).
Itâs too early to commit to how we will approach future evaluations, however, we currently lean towards sticking with the core idea of focusing on helping donors âmaximiseâ expected cost-effectiveness, rather than âmaximisingâ the number of donors giving cost-effectively /â providing a variety of âgreat-but-not-bestâ options.
You might also explicitly state that you donât intend to evaluate great-charity recommenders at least at this time.
As above, we would see value in looking at charity evaluators who take an approach of recommending everything above a minimum standard, but we would only look to follow the recommendations we thought were the best (...by some sufficiently plausible worldview).
but would recommend making it clear in posts and webpages that you are evaluating best-charity evaluators under standards appropriate for best-charity evaluators
Iâd be interested in where you think we could improve our communications here. Part of the challenge weâve faced is that we want to be careful not to overstate our work. For example, âwe only provide recommendations from the best evaluators we know of and have looked intoâ, is accurate, but âwe only provide recommendations from the best evaluatorsâ is not (because there are evaluators we havenât looked into yet). Another challenge is to not overly qualify everything we say, to the point of being confusing and inaccessible to regular donors. Still, after scrolling through some of our content, I think we could find a way to thread this needle better as it is an important distinction to emphasise â we also donât want to understate our work!
Hi Vasco, thanks for your questions!
Iâll answer what I see as the core of your questions before providing some quick responses to each individually.
As you suggest, our approach is very similar to Open Philanthropyâs worldview diversification. One way of looking at it is, we want to provide donation recommendations that maximise cost-effectiveness from the perspective of a particular worldview. We think it makes sense to add another constraint to this, which is that we prioritise providing advice to more plausible worldviews that are consistent with our approach (i.e., focusing on outcomes, having a degree of impartiality, and wanting to rely on evidence and reason).
Iâll share how this works with an example. The âglobal health and wellbeingâ cause area contains recommendations that appeal to people with (some combination) of the following beliefs:
We should prioritise helping people over animals
Some scepticism about highly theoretical theories of change, and a preference for donating to charities whose impact is supported by evidence
Itâs very valuable to save a life
Itâs very valuable to improve someoneâs incomes
People may donate to the cause area without all of these beliefs, or with some combination, or perhaps with none of them but with another motivation not included. Perhaps they have more granular beliefs on top of these, which means they might only be interested in a subset of the fund (e.g., focusing on charities that improve lives rather than save them).
Many of your questions seem to be suggesting that, when we account for consumption of animal products, (3) and (4) are not so plausible. I suspect that this is among the strongest critiques for worldviews that would support GHW. I have my own views about it (as would my colleagues), but from a âGWWCâ perspective, we donât feel confident enough in this argument to use it as a basis to not support this kind of work. In other words, we think the worldviews that would want to give to GHW are sufficiently plausible.
I acknowledge thereâs a question-begging element to this response: I take it your point is why is it sufficiently plausible, and who decides this? Unfortunately, we can acknowledge that we donât have a strong justification here. Itâs a subjective judgement formed by the research team, informed by existing cause prioritisation work from other organisations. We donât feel well-placed to do this work directly (for much the same reason as we need to evaluate evaluators rather than doing charity evaluation ourselves). We would be open to investigating these questions further by speaking with organisations engaging in this cause-prioritisation â weâd love to have a more thoughtful and justified approach to cause prioritisation. In other words, I think youâre pushing on the right place (and hence this answer isnât particularly satisfying).
More generally, weâre all too aware that there are only two of us working directly to decide our recommendation and are reluctant to use our own personal worldviews in highly contested areas to determine our recommendations. Of course, it has to happen to some degree (and we aim to be transparent about it). For example, if I were to donate today, I would likely give 100% of my donations to our Risks and Resilience Fund. I have my reasons, and think Iâm making the right decision according to my own views, but Iâm aware others would disagree with me, and in my role I need to make decisions about our recommendations through the lens of commonly held worldviews I disagree with.
Iâll now go through your questions individually:
If someone wanting to donate 1 M$ who was not pre-commited to any particular area asked for your advise on which of your recommended funds is more cost-effective, and wanted to completely defer to you without engaging in the decision process, what would you say?
Weâd likely suggest donating to our cause area funds, via the âall cause bundleâ, splitting their allocations equally between the three areas. This is our default âset-and-forgetâ option, that seems compelling from a perspective of wanting to give a fraction of oneâs giving to causes that are maximally effective from particular worldviews. This is not the optimal allocation of moral uncertainty (on this approach, the different worldviews could âtradeâ and increase their combined impact); we havenât prioritised trying to find such an optimised portfolio for this purpose. Itâd be an interesting project, and would encourage anyone to do this and share it on the Forum and with us!
Are you confident that donating to the Animal Welfare Fund (AWF) is less than 10 times as cost-effective as donating to GiveWellâs Top Charities Fund (TCF)? If not, have you considered investigating this?
We are not confident. This is going to depend on how you value animals compared to humans; weâre also not sure exactly how cost-effective the AWF Fund is (just that it is the best option we know of in a cause area we think is generally important, tractable and neglected).
If you thought donating to the AWF was over 10 times as cost-effective as donating to TCF (you may actually agree/âdisagree with this), would you still recommend the latter (relatedly)? If so, would you disclaim that your best guess was that AWF was significantly more cost-effective than TCF?
If we thought there wasnât a sufficiently plausible worldview whereby TCF was the best option we knew of, we would not recommend it.
Are you confident that donating to TCF is beneficial accounting for effects on animals? If not, have you considered investigating this? I did not find âanimalâ nor âmeatâ in your evaluation of GiveWell.
We did not consider this, and so do not have a considered answer. I think this would be something we would be interested in considering in our next investigation.
If you thought donating to TCF resulted in a net decrease in welfare due to the meat-eater problem (you may actually agree/âdisagree with this), would you still recommend it? If so, would you disclaim that your best guess was that TCF resulted in a net decrease in welfare, but that you recommended it for other reasons?
As above, we would if we didnât think there was a sufficiently strong worldview by which TCF was the best option we knew of. This could be because of a combination of the meat eater problem, and that we think itâs just not plausible to discount animals. Itâs an interesting question, but itâs also one where Iâm not sure our comparative advantage is coming to a view on it (though perhaps, just as we did with the view that GW should focus on economic progress, we could still discuss it in our evaluation).
Speaking personally, I have also perceived a move away from longtermism, and as someone who finds longtermism very compelling, this has been disappointing to see. I agree it has substantive implications on what we prioritise.
Speaking more on behalf of GWWC, where I am a researcher: our motivation for changing our cause area from âcreating a better futureâ to âreducing global catastrophic risksâ really was not based on PR. As shared here:
We think of a âhigh-impact cause areaâ as a collection of causes that, for donors with a variety of values and starting assumptions (âworldviewsâ), provide the most promising philanthropic funding opportunities. Donors with different worldviews might choose to support the same cause area for different reasons. For example, some may donate to global catastrophic risk reduction because they believe this is the best way to reduce the risk of human extinction and thereby safeguard future generations, while others may do so because they believe the risk of catastrophes in the next few decades is sufficiently large and tractable that it is the best way to help people alive today.
Essentially, weâre aiming to use the term âreducing global catastrophic risksâ as a kind of superset that includes reducing existential risk, and that is inclusive of all the potential motivations. For example, when looking for recommendations in this area, we would be happy to include recommendations that only make sense from a longtermist perspective. A large part of the motivation for this was based on finding some of the arguments made in several of the posts you linked (including âEA and Longtermism: not a crux for saving the worldâ) compelling.
Also, our decision to step down from managing the communications for the Longtermism Fund (now âEmerging Challenges Fundâ) was based on wanting to be able to more independently evaluate Longviewâs grantmaking, rather than brand association.
Luke, thank you for everything youâve done for GWWC and the world.
I donât think many people get to meet someone with such extraordinary levels of care, both for those far away in space/âtime, and loved ones nearby. While I was working at GWWC, Lukeâs most common reason to take a day off was to help someone move house. Luke, your kindness, integrity and commitment are contagious â even with you no longer at the organization, those virtues will stay with GWWC in large part because of how you demonstrated them.
Hereâs a graph of new 10% Pledgers since Luke joined GWWC.[1]
Courtesy of Claude⌠though my critical feedback for it is that it makes it look like 2024 hasnât happened yet, and that Luke joined in 2019. Both false!