RSS

Ex­cited vs. obli­ga­tory altruism

TagLast edit: 25 Mar 2022 15:26 UTC by Pablo

Excited altruism and obligatory altruism are two contrasting views about the reasons for engaging in effective altruism. According to obligatory altruism, we should act altruistically because this is what morality requires of us; failing to do so would be morally wrong. By contrast, excited altruism stresses that being able to make a significant difference in the life of others is an exciting opportunity. On this approach, emphasis is given to the fact that altruistic actions can have a large positive impact on others, as well as improving the altruist’s own life.

Holden Karnofsky offers a clear articulation of the excited altruist perspective:[1][2]

Critics of effective altruism worry that we’re trying to choose causes based on calculations about how to help the world as much as possible, rather than based on what causes excite us… I think such people fundamentally misunderstand effective altruism. I think they imagine that we have passions for particular causes, and are trying to submerge our passions in the service of rationality. That isn’t the case. Rather, effective altruism is what we are passionate about. We’re excited by the idea of making the most of our resources and helping others as much as possible.

Peter Singer,[3] perhaps the most prominent exponent of obligatory altruism, wonders what would Karnofsky do

if he were to wake up one morning and find he has a passion for working in a soup kitchen and little passion for his work at GiveWell. Would he go and work at the soup kitchen, even though he would do much more good if he continued to work at GiveWell? In response Holden said he found it difficult to engage with a hypothetical question that involved such a fundamental transformation, but added, “I would have a tough decision and would have a real chance of opting for the soup kitchen.” Why, though, is this even a tough decision? Why does Holden not say simply, “Yes, of course, then I would work at the soup kitchen”? Because, I suggest, reason is playing a role in his decision making, as it should.

Excited and obligatory altruism, however, need not be mutually exclusive: one may regard the prospect of improving the lives of others as both a moral obligation and an exciting opportunity. Nor are these two perspectives jointly exhaustive. Nate Soares rejects obligatory altruism because “guilt and shame are poor motivators, and that self-imposed obligations are often harmful”, but he also rejects excited altruism because “Lives hang in the balance. The entire future hangs in the balance. To call this an ‘exciting opportunity’ rings false.”[4]

Even if one thinks that there is ultimately a requirement to help others effectively, the motivation to act on this requirement may derive from a feeling of excitement more than from a sense of duty. Conversely, some effective altruists may find the sense of duty deeply motivating despite judging that there is ultimately no reason—besides personal inclination—to engage in acts of altruism; Brian Tomasik is one effective altruist who exemplifies this approach.

Data about the relative prevalence of excited and obligatory altruism in the effective altruism community is scarce. An informal Facebook poll (n = 68) from 2015 found that 57% of effective altruists viewed EA primarily as an obligation, whereas 43% viewed it primarily as an opportunity.[5]

Further reading

Karnofsky, Holden (2013) Excited altruism, The GiveWell Blog, August 20 (updated 25 July 2016).

Singer, Peter (2015) The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically, New Haven: Yale University Press, ch. 8.

Related entries

altruistic motivation | demandingness of morality

  1. ^

    Karnofsky, Holden (2013) Excited altruism, The GiveWell Blog, August 20 (updated 25 July 2016).

  2. ^

    See also Sotala, Kaj (2014) Effective altruism as the most exciting cause in the world, Effective Altruism Forum, September 26.

  3. ^

    Singer, Peter (2015) The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas About Living Ethically, New Haven: Yale University Press, p. 93.

  4. ^

    Soares, Nate (2015) Altruistic motivations, Minding Our Way, August 2.

  5. ^

    Gordon-Brown, Alexander (2015) Effective altruism: duty or opportunity?, Effective Altruism Facebook Group.

Whole­hearted choices and “moral­ity as taxes”

Joe_Carlsmith21 Dec 2020 19:35 UTC
79 points
8 comments4 min readEA link

Altru­ism as a cen­tral purpose

Joey7 Apr 2022 14:21 UTC
165 points
8 comments3 min readEA link

Effec­tive al­tru­ism in the gar­den of ends

tyleralterman31 Aug 2022 20:47 UTC
259 points
43 comments23 min readEA link

We all teach: here’s how to do it better

Michael Noetel30 Sep 2022 2:06 UTC
168 points
12 comments24 min readEA link

Things I didn’t feel that guilty about be­fore get­ting in­volved in effec­tive altruism

Ada-Maaria Hyvärinen28 Dec 2022 14:47 UTC
110 points
9 comments1 min readEA link

Mo­ral Injury

LukeDing14 Jun 2023 18:39 UTC
6 points
3 comments1 min readEA link

Sam Har­ris and Will MacAskill: Pod­cast tran­script (2020)

Aaron Gertler3 Jul 2021 21:48 UTC
30 points
0 comments69 min readEA link

Altru­is­tic Motivations

So8res4 Jan 2019 20:38 UTC
52 points
7 comments3 min readEA link
(mindingourway.com)

My bar­gain with the EA machine

Eric Neyman27 Apr 2022 19:14 UTC
288 points
42 comments7 min readEA link

Cheerfully

Julia_Wise21 Jun 2013 4:00 UTC
125 points
27 comments2 min readEA link

Effec­tive al­tru­ism as the most ex­cit­ing cause in the world

Kaj_Sotala26 Sep 2014 9:17 UTC
96 points
12 comments2 min readEA link

[Question] Why should some­one do the MOST good? Does a nor­ma­tive ar­gu­ment even ex­ist?

Dov5 Aug 2022 6:29 UTC
4 points
2 comments1 min readEA link

L’al­tru­ismo effi­cace, la causa più en­tu­si­as­mante del mondo

EA Italy18 Jan 2023 11:39 UTC
1 point
0 comments1 min readEA link
(altruismoefficace.it)