Monthly Overload of EA—September 2022

[DavidNash]

Link post for 2022 September EA Updates.

Top Links

• What We Owe The Future is now out, with Will MacAskill arguing for longtermism

• Giving What We Can and Longview Philanthropy have launched the Longtermism Fund, for donors looking to support longtermist work

• GiveWell with changes to their top charity recommendation criteria

• Froolow with a critical review of GiveWell’s 2022 cost-effectiveness model

• John G. Halstead—Climate Change & Longtermism: new book-length report

• Rose Hadshar—What happens on the average day?

• Michael Cassidy and Lara Mani with a paper in Nature arguing that we should prepare for huge volcanic eruptions

• Benjamin Todd—Do recent breakthroughs mean transformative AI is coming sooner than we thought?

• DeepMind alignment team opinions on AGI ruin arguments

• Martin B looking at a referendum in Switzerland on whether very strict regulations should apply to agricultural animal husbandry

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Events

• 16th-18th September—EAGxBerlin

• 23rd-25th September—EA Global: Washington, D.C.

• September to December—Prague Fall Season

• November to January—Mexico EA Fellowship

• 4th-6th November—EAGxRotterdam—Applications now open

• 2nd-4th December—EAGxBerkeley

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Virtual Events

• 4th September—Giving What We Can Meetup joined by Leah Edgerton

• 8th September—Fauna Connections: Using Data to Help Animals

• 13th September—Do the Rich Pay Their Fair Share? - a debate with Peter Singer and Bryan Caplan

• 13th September—How To Get Your Project Funded—A talk by Joey Savoie from CE

• 19th September—Animal Advocacy Course—Sign up by September 18th for this 9 week course

• EA Virtual Programmes—Apply by September 25th

  • The Precipice Reading Group

  • Intro to EA

  • In-Depth EA Program

• 21st-23rd October—EAGx Virtual

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Meta

• Kelsey Piper—Caring about the future doesn’t mean ignoring the present

• Tyler Maule—Historical EA funding data

• Dylan Matthews looking at the critiques of billionaires within effective altruism

• Pia Voltz—We need more recruiters in EA

• Scott Alexander—Effective Altruism As A Tower Of Assumptions

• Peter Wildeford—Notes on how prizes may fail and how to reduce the risk of them failing

• Anya Hunt and Katie Glass—Gaps and opportunities in the EA talent & recruiting landscape

• Allen Bell—EA Culture and Causes: Less is More

• Zoe Williams has started weekly summaries of EA Forum and Less Wrong posts

• Falk Lieder and Joel McGuire—Finding before funding: Why EA should probably invest more in research

• Julian Hazell—We are still in triage

• Peter Hartree—Some core assumptions of effective altruism, according to me

• Jack Lewars—EA in the mainstream media: if you’re not at the table, you’re on the menu

• Julian Hazell—Why I view effective giving as complementary to direct work

• Hailey Dickson—Driving Education on EA Topics Through Khan Academy

• CEA have made a new intro to EA

• James Ozden and Sam Glover—Protest movements: How effective are they?

• Sam Coggins—Should we call ourselves ‘Effective Altruists’?

• If you are interested in contributing to China-related global priorities outreach you can find out more here

• CEA are looking for feedback on the updated EA Handbook

• David Janku with an update on what Effective Thesis have been up to

• Sid Efromovich with a post suggesting we should fund more infrastructure support for impactful giving

• Kirsten − 4 Ways to Give Feedback to Job or Grant Applicants

• Freedomandutility—EAs underestimate uncertainty in cause prioritisation

• Owen Cotton-Barratt—How and when should we incentivize people to leave EA bubbles and explore?

• Peter Elam—What a Large and Welcoming EA Could Accomplish

• Cinera—Are “Bad People” Really Unwelcome in EA?

• Dan Epstein—Leveraging Defaults and Social Norms in EA giving

• Kat Woods and Amber Dawn—An EA guide to hiring

• Megan Jamer—EA Giving Tuesday will likely hibernate in 2022

• Freedomandutility—Prioritisation should consider potential for ongoing evaluation alongside expected value and evidence quality

• Kendrea Beers asking if there is too much EA advertising

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New Projects

• Effective Altruism Psychology Lab, a team of researchers focused on empirically studying the psychology of EA

• The Tarbell Fellowship—A one year programme for early-career journalists intent on improving the world. Apply by 9th October

• Davit Jintcharadze has set up the Opportunity Center, aiming to help Georgian students to work on the world’s most pressing issues

• The Atlas Fellowship India has been set up for Indian students who want to help change the world

• James Ozden has started the Social Movement Digest, a monthly roundup of social movement related content

• There is a new community for data science/​ML/​AI people interested in EA

• Giving What We Can are running charity elections again this year, for school students to vote on impactful charities to donate to

• Julian Hazell with a call for people to summarise EA content

• Yonatan Cale and Soof Golan have created a new view for the 80,000 Hours job board

• A post introducing Squiggle, a programming language for probabilistic estimation

• Radio Bostrom: Audio narrations of papers by Nick Bostrom

• SEADS—a data science consultancy that offers services to EA organisations

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Fellowships, Programs & Scholarships

• Economics of Ideas, Science and Innovation Online PhD Short Course by the Institute for Progress − 6th September

• Effective Institutions Project—Fellowship − 9th September

• Center for AI Safety Philosophy Fellowship − 7 month fellowship for philosophy Ph.D. candidates and graduates − 30th September

• Open Philanthropy Biosecurity Scholarships − 11th October

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Careers

• Toby Jolly with a post looking at how to have impact in the UK civil service

• Charity Entrepreneurship have started their own career coaching service

• Mark Xu—How to do theoretical research, a personal perspective

• Lukas Jasiunas and Isaac Esparza—A subjective account of what it’s like to join an EA-aligned org without previous EA knowledge

• Pia Voltz with a job profile for people considering recruiting as a career

• Nat Goldthwaite—How avoiding drastic career changes could support EA’s epistemic health and long-term efficacy

• Kevin Wei and Saad Siddiqui—A review of the Schwarzman Scholars program for EAs

• Molly—Military Service as an Option to Build Career Capital

• If you’re seeking operations roles in EA in the next 1-6 months you can list yourself on the new EA operations database

• Probably Good with the career profile—Civil Service Careers in Low- and Middle-income Countries

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Community building

• Kearney Capuano—Why You Should Give a TEDX Talk

• Philip Hall Andersen—Red teaming introductory EA courses

• Advice the CEA groups team gives to new university group organisers

• Sofya Lebedeva—Workflows: an experimental alternative to introductory fellowships

• A post announcing the EA Gather Town Event Hall as a global hub for online events

• Eli Rose—Open Philanthropy is still seeking proposals for outreach and community-building projects

• Julia Wise—The community health team’s work on interpersonal harm in the community

• Open Phil is seeking bilingual people to help translate EA/​EA-adjacent web content into non-English languages

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Critiques

See all the entries to the Criticism and Red Teaming contest here

• Rhodri Davies—Why am I not an Effective Altruist?

• Erik Hoel—Why I am not an effective altruist

• TheOtherHannah—demographics and power structures in EA

• Aaron Bergman—Most Ivy-smart students aren’t at Ivy-tier schools

• Joseph Lemien—Should EA shift away (a bit) from elite universities?

• Parth Thaya—Effective altruism is no longer the right name for the movement

• Carla Zoe Cremer with a Twitter thread critique on the lack of institutional safeguards in EA

• A post critiquing EA on the lack of expertise generally, and the ‘Risks from Nuclear Weapons’ series by Luisa Rodriguez specifically

• Julian Hazell—The EA community might be neglecting the value of influencing people

• Clearer Thinking podcast with Michael Nielsen and Ajeya Cotra—Critiquing Effective Altruism

• Freddie deBoer—Effective Altruism Has a Novelty Problem

• Wei Dai—Questioning the Foundations of EA

• Richard Y Chappell—The Nietzschean Challenge to Effective Altruism

• Étienne Fortier-Dubois—Aesthetics as Epistemic Humility

• Hamish Huggard—Crowdsourced Criticisms: What does EA think about EA?

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Grants

• Open Philanthropy have made 112 grants recently, with a value of $132 million

  • $47,300,000 - Farm Animal Welfare

    • $25,000,000 - The Humane League

    • $6,000,000 - Anima International

    • $3,000,000 - Albert Schweitzer Foundation

    • $3,000,000 - Food and Agriculture Research—Keel Bone Damage Reduction

  • $37,700,000 - Human Health and Wellbeing

    • $13,600,000 - New Incentives—Nigeria

    • $4,600,000 - University of Connecticut Health Center—Syphilis Vaccine Development

    • $4,000,000 - International Vaccine Institute—Hepatitis E Vaccine Trial

    • $2,500,000 - International Vaccine Institute—Cholera Vaccine Clinical Trial

    • $2,500,000 - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur—Rural Air Quality Monitoring

    • $1,000,000 - Center for Global Development

  • $14,300,000 - Effective Altruism Community Growth

    • $7,000,000 - Effective Altruism Funds—Re-Granting Support

    • $4,250,000 − 80,000 Hours

    • $1,600,000 - Charity Entrepreneurship

    • $600,000 - Giving What We Can

  • $8,900,000 - Potential Risks from Advanced AI

    • $2,700,000 - Rethink Priorities

    • $5,700,000 - Other Areas

    • $5,500,000 - Metaculus

  • $5,400,000 - Longtermism

    • $3,000,000 - Kurzgesagt

    • $500,000 - Longview Philanthropy—Nuclear Security Grantmaking

  • $3,600,000 - Criminal Justice Reform

  • $3,100,000 - Land Use Reform

  • $2,500,000 - Macroeconomic Stabilisation Policy

  • $1,900,000 - Biosecurity & Pandemic Preparedness

  • $1,300,000 - Scientific Research

• EA Long-Term Future Fund made 34 grants worth $2,100,000

  • $305,000 - EA Switzerland/​PIBBSS Fellowship

  • $250,000 - Berkeley Existential Risk Initiative

  • $250,000 - Kristaps Zilgalvis

• EA Animal Welfare Fund have made 25 grants with a value of $2,200,000

  • $400,000 - Wild Animal Initiative

  • $250,000 - Rethink Priorities

  • $185,000 - Southeast Asia Farm Animal Welfare Fellowship

  • $130,000 - Cambridge Effective Altruism CIC

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Global Development

• GiveDirectly with a response to the top charities update from GiveWell

• Shakeel Hashim—Should GiveWell still recommend GiveDirectly?

• Dylan Matthews on the rise of GiveDirectly

• Lucas Lewit-Mendes—Economic losers: SoGive’s review of deworming, and why we’re less positive than GiveWell

• Siobhan McDonough with an article on USAID and how they are evaluating impact

• Matt HR—The Case for Funding New Long-Term Randomised Controlled Trials of Deworming

• Karthik Tadepalli—Inequality is a (small) problem for EA and economic growth

• Joel McGuire, Samuel Dupret, Michael Plant—To WELLBY or not to WELLBY? Measuring non-health, non-pecuniary benefits using subjective wellbeing

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Animal Welfare

• The Animal & Vegan Advocacy Summit will take place in Washington, DC on October 20th-23rd, with speakers including Peter Singer, Bruce Friedrich, Leah Garcés and Lauren Mee

• The neoliberal podcast spoke to Lewis Bollard about reducing animal suffering

• Rose Hadshar—What’s alive right now?

• Kenny Torrella looking at a new study that suggests bees can feel pain

• Brian Katemen—Conservation Biologists Need To Start Caring About Actual Animals—Not Just Species

• Clearer Thinking podcast with Alene Anello discussing human bias in the definition of intelligence

• Saulius Simcikas—Lobbying governments to improve wild animal welfare

• Animal Advocacy Careers have launched a volunteer referral program

• Rachel Norman and Meghan Barrett—Research summary: brain cell counts in Black Soldier Flies

• Toby Tremlett—Philosophical Argument Isn’t Enough In Animal Ethics

• Animal Ask—Maximising impact: the case for research to support animal advocacy efforts

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Biosecurity

• CEA have a new service to connect people interested in using their careers to mitigate global catastrophic biological risks with people who work in the field

• Hear This Idea podcast with Kevin Esvelt and Jonas Sandbrink on risks from biological research

• A post suggesting that antiviral photodynamic therapy seems underfunded

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Existential & Catastrophic Risks

• Gregory Lewis—Most* small probabilities aren’t pascalian

• A post introducing the Existential Risks Introductory Course, an 8 week programme

• The 2022 Future of Life Award winners have been announced, for 8 people who reduced ‘the risk of nuclear war by developing and popularizing the science of nuclear winter’

• Luis Enrique Urtubey—Superforecasting Long-Term Risks and Climate Change

• Will Aldred—Feedback I’ve been giving to junior x-risk researchers

• Eli Lifland—Prioritizing x-risks may require caring about future people

• Catherine Brewer—On the Vulnerable World Hypothesis

• David Thorstad—Existential risk pessimism and the time of perils

• A post interactively visualising existential risks

• Kurzgesagt Video—Is Civilization on the Brink of Collapse? (with 6 million views already)

• A new paper from CSER exploring catastrophic climate change scenarios

• Matthew Allcock—Cosmic rays could cause major electronic disruption and pose a small existential risk

• HTC—What if states don’t listen? A fundamental gap in x-risk reduction strategies

• Matt Boyd & Nick Wilson—Islands, nuclear winter, and trade disruption as a human existential risk factor

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Improving Institutions & Metascience

• Tyler Cowen—Will open science matter?

• Stuart Buck—Advice For New Scientific Funders (ARPA-H, ARIA, NSF TIP, Etc.)

• A study looking at whether international treaties have been able to produce their intended affects

• Alisha Lewis—How should we invest in democracy as an EA-adjacent issue? Some early thoughts

• Ilan Gur and Matt Clifford in The Economist explain innovations at the new research agency Advanced Research and Invention Agency

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Environment

• Bryan Walsh—What could a nuclear war do to the climate—and humanity?

• An article in the BBC arguing for more studies on catastrophic climate change

• Gideon Futerman—What 80,000 Hours gets wrong about solar geoengineering

• Erola Pons—The case for Green Growth skepticism and GDP agnosticism

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Longtermism

• Will MacAskill writing in the New York Times with the case for longtermism

• Future Matters Newsletter—AI timelines, AGI risk, and existential risk from climate change

• Matthew Yglesias—What’s long-term about “longtermism”?

• Christian Ruhl—Explaining a Small Patient Philanthropy Fund Grant on Nuclear Security

• Sam Hilton—Some concerns about policy work funding and the Long Term Future Fund

• A collection of articles from a recent symposium on longtermism and the law, including contributions from Christoph Winter, Jeff Sebo, Renan Araújo and Leonie Koessler

• Richard Pettigrew—Longtermism, risk, and extinction

• Tyler Cowen—Eternal economic growth and Effective Altruism

• Dwarkesh Patel—Response to Tyler Cowen on eternal growth

• Maxwell Tabarrok—The Most Important Century Is Not Unlikely

• A post with a proposed tweak to the longtermism pitch

• Siméon Campos & Amber Dawn Ace—Longtermists Should Work on AI—There is No “AI Neutral” Scenario

• Jordan Arel—How I Came To Longtermism On My Own & An Outsider Perspective On EA Longtermism

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WWOTF Interviews And Reviews

• Time

• Wired

• BBC Future

• The Atlantic

• The Guardian

• Freakonomics

• Boston Review

• Foreign Affairs

• The New Yorker

• Modern Wisdom

• Daily Stoic Podcast

• Richard Y Chappell

• The Tim Ferris Show

• Think with Krys Boyd

• NY Mag: Intelligencer

• 80,000 Hours Podcast

• Making Sense Podcast

• Wild with Sarah Wilson

• Reddit Ask Me Anything

• United Nations Dispatch

• NPR with Malaka Gharib

• Five Books: Longtermism

• The Lunar Society Podcast

• Michael Townsend Review

• EA Forum Ask Me Anything

• Conversations With Coleman

• Conversations with Tyler Cowen

• New York Times: The Ezra Klein Show

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Longtermism Critiques

• Magnus Vinding—Critique of MacAskill’s “Is It Good to Make Happy People?”

• Pablo Rosado—A critique of strong longtermism

• Robert Wright—The case for Shorttermism

• Roh—A Quick Qualitative Analysis of Laypeople’s Critiques of Longtermism

• Brian Lui—Against longtermism

• A post with several arguments against longtermism

• Benj Azose—We’re really bad at guessing the future

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AI Policy

• Haydn Belfield and Shin Shin Hua—How can EU competition law influence AI development and help ensure that its future development is safe and beneficial?

• Cullen O’Keefe, Jade Leung and Markus Anderljung—How technical safety standards could promote TAI safety

• Matthijs Maas—The History, Epistemology and Strategy of Technological Restraint, and lessons for AI

• Jan Leike on the windfall clause

• Markus Anderljung and Charlotte Siegmann—The Brussels Effect and AI: How EU AI regulation will impact the global AI market

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Technical AI

• Open AI with ‘Our approach to alignment research’

• Katja Grace—What do ML researchers think about AI in 2022?

• Jacob Hilton—Common misconceptions about OpenAI

• Nuño Sempere—A concern about the “evolutionary anchor” of Ajeya Cotra’s report on AI timelines

• Richard Ngo—The alignment problem from a deep learning perspective

• Thomas W, Dan Hendrycks and Oliver Zhang have created an introduction to ML safety course

• José Luis Ricón with an in depth post attempting to clarify his thoughts on AGI risks

• Will Aldred—AI timelines via bioanchors: the debate in one place

• The Center for AI Safety is announcing a $20,000 bounty for the best publicly-understandable explainers of topics in AI safety

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Other AI

• Benjamin Hilton with a new 80,000 Hours problem profile on preventing an AI-related catastrophe

• Kelsey Piper—There are two factions working to prevent AI dangers. Here’s why they’re deeply divided

• Bryan Walsh looking at recent breakthroughs in AI and what good it can do

• Jamie Harris—The History of AI Rights Research

• Neel Nanda—Concrete Advice for Forming Inside Views on AI Safety

• Alex Lintz—Three pillars for avoiding AGI catastrophe: Technical alignment, deployment decisions, and coordination

• Olivia Addy—Why does no one care about AI?

• Steven Pinker and Scott Aaronson debate AI scaling

• Matthew Barber—Could realistic depictions of catastrophic AI risks effectively reduce said risks?

• Holden Karnofsky -

• AI strategy nearcasting

• How might we align transformative AI if it’s developed very soon?

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Cause Exploration Prize

You can see all of the cause exploration prize entries here

• Global Development

  • Rosie Bettle—Oral healthcare in LMIC is a promising new cause area

  • Lee Crawfurd and Susannah Hares—The Economic Benefits of Promoting and Protecting the Rights of LGBTQ+ Communities in Developing Countries

  • Vastav Ratra—Reducing Judicial Delay in India

  • Jamie Simonson—Internal Migration: A Cost-Effective Method for Raising Wages, Improving Living Standards, and Promoting Economic Growth

  • Kristof—Tobacco harm reduction

  • Alex Hill—Maternal morbidity

  • Denise Melchin—Preventing stillbirths

  • Sickle Cell Disease

  • Road Safety: The Silent Epidemic Impacting Youth

  • Gavriel Kleinwaks, Alastair Fraser-Urquhart and Josh C Morrison—Indoor Air Quality to Reduce Infectious Respiratory Disease

  • Rich to Poor Country Spillovers

  • Michael—Occupational Health and Safety in the Developing World

  • Jeffrey Mason—Economic Growth and State Capacity

  • Jackson Wagner—Radio Ads Against Cousin Marriage in LMIC

  • Shen Javier—Child and Adolescent Mental Health in LMICs

  • Kelly Geddes—Transnational Surrogacy

  • Surbhi B—Adapting to Extreme Heat Exposure in South Asia

  • Ben Stewart—Organophosphate pesticides and other neurotoxicants

  • Arushi Gupta and Jendayi—International Macroeconomic Policy

  • Johannes Haushofer—Large-scale International Educational Migration: A Shallow Investigation

  • Sarah H and Ben Williamson—Family Planning: A Significant Opportunity for Impact

• Mental Health & Biology

  • John Boyle—Short-sleeper genes

  • Karolina Soltys—Improving diagnosis and treatment of bipolar spectrum disorders

  • Milan Griffes and Sandra Sobanska—Jhana meditation

  • Tim Farkas—Mind Enhancement Cause Exploration

  • Courtney Colston—Potential Risks of Advanced Gene Editing Technologies

  • Hauke Hillebrandt—Developmental Cognitive Neuroepidemiology

• Animal Welfare

  • David Lang with a post exploring genetic rescue as a way to protect wildlife from extinction

  • Enginar—Mitigating chicken and fish suffering by closing the “dairy gap” in Asia and Africa

  • Akash Kulgod—Free-Ranging Dog Welfare in India as a Cause Area

  • More Animal Advocacy R&D

  • Movable Virtual Fencing Systems and Livestock Welfare

• Other

  • Anna Harvey and Stuart Buck—Social and Behavioural Science R&D

  • Markus Over—Distribution of Information Among Humans

  • Jeremy R—New cause area: Traffic congestion

  • Wim—Steering and Stabilising Status Games

  • Sbhemer—Shareholder activism

  • Ben Yeoh—Advanced Market Commitments for public goods

  • Em Walz and Iska Knuuttila—Resilience & Biodiversity

  • Sebastian Joy—The importance of Intercausal Impacts

  • Benj Azose—Fix Prison Telecom

  • Minh Nguyen—Social Relationships: A Neglected Factor in Wellbeing

  • Marcus Ogren—Voting Methods

  • Sam Abbott and Nikos—Training experts to be forecasters

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Other Causes

• Luis Mota and Charlotte—Justice and Global Priorities Research Reading List

• 80,000 Hours podcast with Samuel Charap on key lessons from five months of war in Ukraine

• Benjamin Hilton with an 80,000 Hours problem profile—Risks from atomically precise manufacturing

• Charlie Dougherty—Peacebuilding and Violent Conflict

• Geoffrey Miller—Could a ‘permanent global totalitarian state’ ever be permanent?

• Ruth Grace on the abundance agenda movement

• Nathan Barnard—Intelligence failures and a theory of change for forecasting

• Elias Au-Yeung—The Possibility of Microorganism Suffering

• Robert Long—Digital people: biology versus silicon

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Philosophy

• Luis Mota with a moral progress reading list

• Lukas Gloor—Population Ethics Without Axiology: A Framework

• Khai—What reason is there not to accept Pascal’s Wager?

• Luca Stocco—The repugnant conclusion is not a problem for the total view

• Jared Riggs—Why I Hope (Certain) Hedonic Utilitarians Don’t Control the Long-term Future

• Levin—Common-sense cases where “hypothetical future people” matter

• Jason Crawford—Against population ethics

• Cold Button Issues—Toby Ord’s The Scourge, Reviewed

• Stijn—Avoiding the demandingness of total welfarism with rights-based discounted welfarism

• Applied Divinity Studies—The Repugnant Conclusion Isn’t

• Sanjay with an attempt to solve Pascal’s Muggings

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Productivity

• Ben Kuhn—Some tips for good one-on-ones

• Abi Olvera—An Exercise in Speed-Reading

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Other Links

• Dylan Matthews—How effective altruism went from a niche movement to a billion-dollar force

• The Economist—What to read to understand “effective altruism”

• Adam Steinberg—Using expected value when donating to charity—and day-to-day

• Florence—Let’s not glorify people for how they look

• Tyler Alterman—Effective altruism in the garden of ends

• Founding the Against Malaria Foundation: Rob Mather’s story

• Nuño Sempere—Introduction to Fermi estimates

• Anna Stadlerova—Translating The Precipice into Czech: My experience and recommendations

• Rob Bensinger—Have faux-evil EA energy

• Duncan S—The danger of good stories

• Michael Dickens—Philanthropists Probably Shouldn’t Mission-Hedge AI Progress

• Michel Justen—Psychological Obstacles to Doing Good (Better)

• Clearer Thinking podcast discussing the use of stories for impact with Cate Hall, co-founder of Alvea

• Kat Woods—The most important lesson I learned after ten years in EA

• Simran Dhaliwal from Longview Philanthropy on the Giving What We Can Podcast

• Rosie Bettle on why she switched from academia to Founders Pledge

• Podcast with Joey Savoie on making it easier for great charities to exist

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Tweets & Social Media

• Alexander Berger with a thread on what he learned from What We Owe The Future and key questions about longtermism that are unresolved

• Julian Hazel with 100 EA-related takes as a way of reflecting after ~2 years in the EA community

• Kelsey Piper with over 200 opinions on EA and it’s critics

• Jess Whittlestone with thoughts on the difficulty of learning from criticism, inspired by recent critical discourse around EA

• Raquel Kasham Daniel on her experience with the intro to EA virtual programme

• Surbhi B with reflections from her first EA conference

• Tony Senanayake with 10 reflections from the first EA India retreat

• Hayley Worsham—How to Survive EAG: San Francisco FOMO

• Bhagyashree Prabhutendolkar with her experience of the Leaf EA course at Oxford

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Good News

• The poverty rate in Cambodia fell to ~18% in 2020 from nearly 40% in 2009

• Global food prices are back to pre Ukraine war levels

• Zambia has pledged to abolish the death penalty